|
''Missa in tempore belli'' ((英語:Mass in Time of War)) is Joseph Haydn’s tenth,〔The Haydn masses are sorted using chronological indices given by New Grove. The Hoboken catalogue had also placed the masses in a presumed chronological order, but further research has undermined that sequence. See ''Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn'', ed. David Wyn Jones, Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 475. ISBN 0-19-866216-5〕 and one of the most popular, of his fourteen settings of the mass. This mass is catalogued ''Mass No. 10 in C major'', (H. XXII:9),〔 and is sometimes known as the ''Paukenmesse'' (English: ''Kettledrum Mass'') due to the inclusion of the timpani in its orchestration. However, the autographed manuscript contains "Missa in tempore belli" in Haydn's own handwriting, showing no doubt that this was the intended title from the beginning. ==Background== Haydn composed this mass at Eisenstadt in August 1796, at the time of Austria’s general mobilisation into war. Four years into the European war that followed the French Revolution, Austrian troops were doing badly against the French in Italy and Germany, and Austria feared invasion. Reflecting the troubled mood of his time, Haydn’s potent integration of references to battle in the ''Benedictus'' and ''Agnus Dei'' movements is inspired. The Mass was first performed on December 26, 1796, in the Piarist Church of Maria Treu in Vienna. Haydn was a deeply religious man, who appended the words “Praise be to God” at the end of every completed score. As Kapellmeister to the Prince Nikolaus II Esterházy, Haydn’s principal duty in the last period of his life, beginning in 1796, was the composition of an annual mass to honour the name day of Prince Nicholas’ wife, Princess Maria Hermenegild, 8 September, the birth of the Blessed Virgin. In a final flowering of his genius, he faithfully completed six magnificent masses (with increasingly larger orchestras) for this occasion. Thus ''Missa in Tempore Belli'' was performed at the family church, the Bergkirche, at Eisenstadt on September 29, 1797. Haydn also composed his oratorio ''The Creation'' around the same time and the two great works share some of his signature vitality and tone-painting. This piece has been long thought to express an anti-war sentiment, even though there is no explicit message in the text itself, and no clear indication from Haydn that this was his intention. What is found in the score is a very unsettled nature to the music, not normally associated with Haydn, which has led scholars to the conclusion that it is anti-war in nature. This is especially noticed in the Benedictus and Agnus Dei. During the time of the composition of the Mass, the Austrian government had issued a decree in 1796, that "no Austrian should speak of peace until the enemy is driven back to its customary borders."〔James Keller San Francisco Symphony annotator April 2008〕 Whether this is enough to call it anti-war in nature is certainly debatable because most of the mass is of a lyrically joyful nature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Missa in tempore belli」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|